Научный журнал

The results of research on agroecological assessment of soil and climatic conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Chechen Republic, conducted in the framework of the state task to develop the foundations of adaptive landscape farming system are shown. The following problems were considered: agro-climatic zoning of territories, change in the coefficient of moisture and heat supply of summer depending on the height above sea level, characteristics of winter and frost-free periods, annual rainfall, soil fertility, irrigation system. The research revealed dependence of formation of productivity of crops from certain factors. In particular, we can say that the main factors contributing to low crop yields are: insufficient moisture (for the third agro-climatic region) and aridity of the climate (for the second agro-climatic region), hot summers with frequent dry winds and lack of precipitation during the growing season of field crops, mainly low soil fertility, irrigation system that requires proper maintenance. On the basis of the obtained results, the authors give recommendations for the cultivation of field crops, taking into account their biological characteristics, increasing the level of soil fertility, including the system of fertilizer application in the dry steppe zone of the Chechen Republic. For example, on chestnut soil, with the planned yield of winter wheat 4 t/ha from the soil is taken to 112 kg of nitrogen, 40 kg of phosphorus and 100 kg of potassium, given the low availability of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and increased - potassium, mineral fertilizers should be made in the norm NP K. In addition, it is necessary to increase the humus content on almost all types of soils, for example, sowing of green manure (vika-oat mixture, rape, etc.). Special attention is paid to the necessity of compulsory irrigation, which is of paramount importance in the dry steppe zone of the Republic, under conditions of acute shortage of moisture in the soil.