Научный журнал

The role of the agricultural system T.S. Maltseva, whose key points are: short-rotation crop rotation, clean steam, an irreplaceable soil cultivation system, a system for cleaning weeds from fields without the use of chemicals and optimal planting dates for the Trans-Urals. These agricultural practices are relevant in modern agriculture. “Maltsevsky” developments are aimed at preserving and sustainable increase in soil fertility in order to obtain stable crops. Field experiments were carried out in lengthy multi-factorial stationary experiments. In the course of many years of research, an interdependence was established between the dynamics of the humus content and the productivity of cultivated crops, the level of which depends on soil fertilizer, particle size distribution and hydrothermal conditions. In the first two rotations of the crop rotation, the yield of spring wheat without mineral fertilizers did not exceed 15-20 c / ha. The use of mineral fertilizers and favorable weather conditions ensured an increase in productivity and a significant increase in the content of humus. A decrease in these indicators (yield and humus content) was observed in the arid five-year period (1980-1985). The soil cultivation system to a lesser extent affected yield and soil fertility. Positive dynamics of the humus content was observed against the background of minimal treatments. Together with the staff of the All-Russian Research Institute of Microbiology, T.S. Maltsev studied the microbiosis of heavily sulphurous chernozems of the experimental station and successfully applied inoculation of soils with live microorganisms, which ensured an increase in spring wheat yield by 35%. Since 2012, data from research results on individual variants of the Maltsev experience are presented, which confirm the previously obtained information.