Научный журнал

The article shows the results of one of the three zonal long-term stationary experiments conducted at the Makushinsky experimental field of the Kurgan research Institute. In grain-fallow crop rotation fallow -3 in grain-wheat and corn-three of wheat different nitrogen saturation of a hectare of arable land was tested - N20-40-60 in the background of weighted average of phosphorus P20. The effectiveness of doses of nitrogen evaluated at the marginal increases obtained from each step change of the composition of the fertilizer and increasing doses of nitrogen. In the grain- fallow crop rotation, the effect of one phosphorus fertilizer at a dose of P20 on the yield of 1st wheat was expressed by a high increase-6 C/ha, which is explained by a very low content of mobile phosphorus in the soil. Adding nitrogen to phosphorus in this field had no effect. On the 2nd wheat after fallow, the introduction of P20 increased the yield by 3 C/ha, and the N20P20 variant gave an additional 2,4 C/ha with a total increase of 5,4. The effect of these options was similar on the 3rd wheat after fallow with increases in C/ha of 3,3 and 5,9, that is, the effect of the 1st portion of N20 in these fields was 2.4 and 2.6 C/ha. Adding a second portion of N20 on these two crops increased the yield by 1,2-1,4 C/ha, the cost of which was close to the total cost of N20. The next step of increasing the dose to N60 gave a negative result to the previous option. When sowing permanent wheat, the maximum yield increases during the transition from P20 to N20-40-60P20 were 4,7-1,7-1,7-0,4 C/ha. In the grain crop rotation, maize and three wheat at three levels of saturation of a hectare of crop rotation N20-40-60, nitrogen doses for maize increased to N40-80-100, which had an aftereffect on the 1st and 2nd crops after maize, which actually received nitrogen at the 1st and 2nd levels of saturation of the crop rotation by N0-20-40. The application of one P20 phosphorous fertilizer on three wheat crops after maize provided yield gains 2,5-3,3-3,2 C/ha. From n20r20, the increase increased by another 2 C/ha. The saturation level up to N40 is justified only on the 1st wheat for maize. The third saturation level up to N60 did not provide a significant increase of effect. Testing of phosphorus doses in the maize -wheat-wheat-barley crop rotation revealed a high positive interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Of the doses of phosphorus, all three - P15-30-45 can be considered effective against the background of N30 on cereals with a payback rate of 15-16 kg/kg.